As people age, their kidney function naturally declines. For many, this decline goes unnoticed until it becomes more severe.
This blog explores the symptoms of declining kidney function, the importance of early detection, and strategies for maintaining kidney health.
Case Study and General Trends
A 72-year-old patient, Mr. A, recently experienced increased levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, reduced glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, and hematuria, indicating deteriorated kidney function. Despite managing high blood pressure and diabetes, Mr. A neglected regular monitoring of his kidney function, attributing symptoms like fatigue, swelling, and reduced urine output to aging.
Age-related decline in kidney function is natural, but individuals with pre-existing conditions like hypertension and diabetes need to be especially cautious. Without proper management or monitoring, these conditions can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Data from the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service shows that CKD prevalence rises significantly with age, from 1.3% in the 20s to 21.6% in those over 70.
Rising Incidence and Costs
The incidence of CKD has surged, with 296,397 patients in 2022 compared to 137,003 in 2012, a 116.4% increase. The cost of treatment has also risen substantially, from 1 trillion won to 2.3 trillion won over the same period. Poor management of diabetes can lead to diabetic nephropathy, while hypertension and cardiovascular diseases can damage kidney blood vessels. Additionally, some medications can impose a burden on kidney function.
Other Contributing Factors
Other factors contributing to CKD include recurrent urinary tract infections, chronic inflammation, physical inactivity, nutritional imbalance, toxin exposure, and family history. Dr. Kim Min-ji from Daedong Hospital's Dialysis Center emphasizes that CKD often presents with few symptoms in its early stages, making regular check-ups and preventive care essential.
Symptoms and Monitoring
Early symptoms of CKD are minimal but may include fatigue, weakness, foamy urine, reduced urine output, leg swelling, loss of appetite, itching, and nausea. Monitoring kidney health through regular blood tests (creatinine and glomerular filtration rate) and urine tests (proteinuria) is crucial. Managing chronic conditions like hypertension and diabetes under medical supervision, and consulting a doctor when changing or starting new medications, are key to maintaining kidney health.
Prevention and Lifestyle Recommendations
To maintain kidney health, it is important to:
- Avoid foods high in sodium, sugar, and saturated fats.
- Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables.
- Stay hydrated by drinking sufficient fluids.
- Engage in regular physical activity tailored to one's fitness level.
- Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
- Undergo regular health check-ups to monitor kidney function and overall health.
As kidney function naturally declines with age, early detection and management are crucial. Regular monitoring, lifestyle adjustments, and proper management of chronic conditions can significantly impact kidney health and prevent severe complications.
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